

When good does evil in its struggle against evil, it becomes indistinguishable from its enemy." T.S. Elliot
"It
 is part of the moral tragedy  with which we are dealing that words like
 "democracy," "freedom," "rights,"  "justice," which have so often 
inspired heroism and have led men to give their  lives for things which 
make life worthwhile, can also become a trap, the means  of destroying 
the very things men desire to uphold." Sir Norman  Angell (1874 - 1967), 1956.
"Justice in the life and conduct of  the State is possible only as first it resides in the hearts and souls of the  citizens" : Plato : Ancient Greek philosopher (428/427-348/347  B.C.) 


March Against Monsanto organizer to face charges for using amplified sound at a park
|  | 
| Kristin "Krissy" Jones arrested at the Ann Arbor, Michigan March Against Monsanto - May 25, 2013 | 
Activist Post
In an apparent case of an organizer of a major protest being targeted by police, Kristen “Krissi” Jones, an organizer of the Ann Arbor, Michigan March Against Monsanto, was arrested for using amplified sound in a public park on May 25, 2013.
Jones maintains that she did no such thing and says that fifteen other people used a bullhorn in Hanover Park that day but were neither harassed nor arrested.
The individuals organizing this particular March Against Monsanto protest – one of many across the country and the world – paid around $1,500 for a permit for the protest but were denied the night before it was scheduled.
Yet the arrest was not made due to the lack of a permit and the protest was not shut down by police.
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Air Force Bans Personnel from Reading News Stories Reporting NSA Scandal
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Senate passes U.S. farm bill; food stamp fight looms in House
US Officials Start Talks on  Arming Syria's Rebels
By BRADLEY  KLAPPER
Moved
 by the Syrian regime's rapid  advance, officials say the administration
 could approve lethal aid for the  rebels in the coming days. 
Pakistan's Prime Minister  Declares End to Secret Approval of U.S. Drone Strikes
By Tom  Hussain
"The 
policy of protesting against drone  strikes for public consumption, 
while working behind the scenes to make them  happen, is not on," Sharif
 said. 
Zionism New Hurdles to  Peace
By William A.  Cook
An 
on-going perpetual nightmare foisted  by the Zionist state on the United
 States and the international community as a  mouthing of interest in 
peace but with a silent intention that all Arabs must be  removed from 
"their" land. 
How Edward Snowden Exposed a  "Massive Surveillance Apparatus"
Video
"There is
 this massive surveillance  apparatus being gradually constructed in the
 United States that already has  extremely invasive capabilities to 
monitor and store the communications and  other forms of behavior not 
just of tens of millions of Americans, but of  hundreds of millions, 
probably billions of people, around the globe," Greenwald  says. 
One American Who Isn't For  Sale
By Robert  Scheer
So it's true, as filmmaker Michael  Moore once warned us, the Carlyle Group is Big Brother. 
Historic Challenge to Support  the Moral Actions of Edward Snowden
By Norman  Solomon
Edward
 Snowden has given aid and  comfort to grassroots efforts for democracy.
 What we do with his brave gift will  be our choice. 
Watch Clapper Lie To Sen. Ron  Wyden
Wyden Warns Clapper: Americans  Need 'Straight Answers' On Spying
By Olivier  Knox
This may be as close as a sitting U.S.  senator comes to publicly calling the director of national intelligence a liar. 
'It Can't Happen Here' Just  Did
By Gene Healy
"Metadata":
 Allows the government  secretly to track who a target communicates with
 and where he's physically  located. That knowledge can be used to 
unearth who's leaking to reporters, when  and where political opponents 
are meeting -- even who's sleeping with whom. 
What Is The Government's  Agenda?
By Paul Craig  Roberts
Germans
 in the Third Reich and Soviet  citizens in the Stalin era had a better 
idea of their government's agendas than  do "freedom and democracy" 
Americans today. 
'Pardon Edward Snowden'  Petition
By Deborah  Zabarenko
A
 petition to pardon Edward Snowden,  who has acknowledged leaking secret
 documents from the U.S. National Security  Agency, attracted more than 
22,000 electronic signatures by Monday afternoon,  one day after it was 
posted on the White House website. 
US Lawmakers Call for Review of  Patriot Act After NSA Surveillance Revelations
By Dan Roberts and Spencer  Ackerman in Washington
The
 legislation, which was introduced  after the 9/11 attacks, has been 
cited as the legal basis for the National  Security Agency scouring 
billions of ordinary US telephone records in an effort  to combat 
terrorism. 
Meet the Contractors Analyzing  your Private Data
By Tim  Shorrock
Private companies are getting rich  probing your personal information for the government. Call it Digital  Blackwater. 
Rotten To The  Core
State Department Memo Reveals  Possible Cover-ups, Halted Investigations
By CBS  News
The
 memo obtained by CBS News cited  eight specific examples: A State 
Department security official in Beirut "engaged  in sexual assaults" on 
foreign nationals. The memo also reveals details about an  "underground 
drug ring" was operating near the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad and  supplied 
State Department security contractors with drugs. 
Hard News  
60 Shiites killed in Syria as  West seeks solution: 
Despite
 Tuesday's attacks, Bashar  al-Assad's regime, dominated by his Alawite 
sect of Shiite Islam, appears to  have gained the upper hand against 
mainly Sunni Muslim rebels, buoyed by  military support from its Shiite 
allies, Hezbollah and Iran.
Syrian troops kill 35 rebels  near Damascus: 
As many as 35 rebels were killed by the  Syrian troops' ambush Monday in a suburb of the capital Damascus.
Video: Damascus double suicide  attack leaves 14 dead, dozens injured: 
At
 least 14 people were killed and 31  injured in twin blasts caused by 
explosive devices planted in central Damascus  on Tuesday, Syrian state 
television reported.
Syrian Rebels Clash With  Kurdish Militias: 
Renewed
 clashes between Syrian  insurgents and Kurdish groups have erupted in 
the province of Aleppo and quickly  spread to other cities in northern 
Syria. Several combatants have been killed in  fights between Liwa 
al-Tawhid and its allies and the Kurdish People's Defense  Units (YPG) 
since May 25 in the countryside of northern Aleppo
Syria army launches attack on  Aleppo airbase: 
Syria's
 army launched multiple attacks  on rebel positions on Tuesday in the 
northern province of Aleppo, including  insurgent-held areas of a key 
airbase.
Obama to decide whether U.S.  will send Syrian rebels air power this week: 
Moved
 by the Assad regime's rapid  advance, the Obama administration could 
decide this week to approve lethal aid  for the beleaguered Syrian 
rebels and will weigh the merits of a less likely  move to send in U.S. 
airpower to enforce a no-fly zone over the civil  war-wracked nation,
Aleppo: Syrian rebels execute  teenager Mohammad Kattaa in front of his parents, say reports : 
"An
 unidentified Islamist rebel group  shot dead a 15-year-old child who 
worked as a coffee seller in Aleppo, after  they accused him of 
blasphemy," said Syrian Observatory for Human Rights  director Rami 
Abdel Rahman.
Saudi Arabia, France agree  Qusayr scenario can't be repeated in Aleppo: 
The
 Hezbollah-backed Syrian troops,  which defeated the rebels in the 
strategic town of Qusayr, should not be allowed  to repeat the same 
scenario in province of Aleppo. The two countries expressed  their 
stance after Saudi foreign minister, Prince Saud al-Faisal, and the  
kingdom's intelligence head, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, met with French  
officials.
France pushes for talks on  arming Syria rebels: 
The
 Syrian conflict is at a "turning  point" with regime forces gaining 
ground, France said Tuesday, adding that it  was time to review whether 
to arm the opposition.
Putin Warns Against Syria  Intervention: 
Russian
 President Vladimir Putin said  Tuesday that foreign intervention in the
 Syrian civil war is unacceptable  because it would result in a new 
source of terror in the region.
Poll: Americans oppose  intervention in Syria: 
Asked
 to pick a response to stop the  killing of civilians in Syria, just 15 
percent in the poll say they favor U.S.  military action, and only 11 
percent want to provide arms to the  opposition.
U.S. Blacklists Fund-Raisers  for Hezbollah: 
Retribution
 against Hezbollah for  helping the Syrian government fight rebels 
intensified on Tuesday, as the United  States blacklisted four 
fund-raising operatives and warned of further steps to  choke the 
group's financing.
Eight Rockets from Syria Hit  Hermel, One Lebanese Killed: 
Rocket
 attack on HermelEight rockets  launched by Syrian militants have fallen
 in Hermel in eastern Lebanon on  Tuesday, the National News Agency 
reported.
Putin says Assad could have  avoided war, criticizes West: 
Pointing
 to violence in Iraq, Libya,  Syria and other states, Putin said: "Why 
is this happening? Because certain  people from outside think that if 
you shape the whole region
Austria begins withdrawing  peacekeepers from Golan: 
Austria
 has begun withdrawing  peacekeepers from the Golan Heights, winding 
down a four-decade mission due to  spillover fighting from the Syrian 
civil war, the defence ministry  said.
70 killed in relentless Iraq  attacks in single day: 
Monday's
 deadliest violence struck the  main northern city of Mosul, with a 
series of five car bombings mostly targeting  security forces leaving at
 least 29 dead and 80 others wounded, officials  said.
Al-Qaeda Gunmen Kidnap over 20  People North of Baghdad, 7 People Executed: 
The
 extremists planted a false  checkpoint on the road, stopping for an 
alleged check the vehicles, where their  victims were going. Later the 
kidnappers took the hostages, which are the  natives of the local tribe 
Zarkush, in the unknown direction.
Iraq: Abusive Commander Linked  to Mosul Killings: 
Iraqi
 authorities should immediately  investigate evidence that federal 
police executed four men and a 15-year-old boy  on May 3, 2013, south of
 Mosul. Witnesses last saw the victims in the custody of  the federal 
police 3rd Division, commanded by Gen. Mehdi Gharawi
1,000 Iraqi Kurdish soldiers  desert army, officials say: 
More
 than 1,000 Kurdish career soldiers  in the Iraqi army have deserted and
 want to be integrated into the Kurdish  former rebel peshmerga militia,
 officials said on Tuesday.
US calls for resignation of  UN's Richard Falk: 
Special
 rapporteur for Palestinian  territories said NGO UN Watch should be 
investigated to ensure it's not  controlled by Israel
Top UN Official Richard Falk  Calls for Removing UN Watch: 
In a scathing attack on a UN-accredited  NGO, top UN Human Rights Council official
 Richard Falk is publicly calling on the  47-nation body to investigate 
and potentially expel a watchdog organization  after it mobilized world 
leaders-including his own boss, UN Secretary-General  Ban Ki-moon-to 
condemn his comments blaming the Boston Marathon bombings on "the  
American global domination project" and "Tel Aviv."
Ambassador to US backs Power as  'caring deeply' about Israel: 
Michael Oren joins growing list of  Jewish leaders who've come out in favor of Obama's nominee for UN  envoy
US ally Kuwait gives 11 year  jail sentence to woman for tweets against emir: 
She
 was convicted of insulting Sheikh  Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah, calling for
 the overthrow of the regime and misusing  her mobile phone, according 
to a copy of the lower court ruling obtained by the  AFP news agency.
Rafsanjani endorses moderate  Rowhani for Iran presidency: 
"I
 consider him to be more suitable  (than other candidates) to steer the 
executive branch," he said referring to the  slate of five other 
hopefuls, most of whom are conservatives.
19 killed in Nigerian attack: 
At
 least 19 people have been killed in  a renewed attack by insurgent 
group in Nigeria's Maidiguri city, local residents  and military sources
 said
Bomb found under Italian  embassy's car in Libya:
 A
 home-made bomb was found Tuesday  under a car belong to the Italian 
embassy in Tripoli, capital of unrest-hit  Libya, no one was injured, 
local security and embassy officials told Xinhua, APA  reports.
Egypt warns Ethiopia over Nile  dam: 
President Morsi says "all options are  open" in dealing with dam project that threatens Egypt with a water  shortage.
Suicide blast in Kabul kills 14  near U.S. Embassy: 
A
 suicide car bomber struck outside the  Afghan Supreme Court in Kabul on
 Tuesday, killing at least eight people and  wounding 20, police and 
health officials said.
7 Taliban killed in Kabul  airport attack: 
Seven
 Taliban fighters with  rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns 
launched a rare assault on Nato's  operational headquarters at the 
military section of Kabul's international  airport on Monday. All seven 
militants were killed.
Five people killed in  Nangarhar: 
Five
 "militants" including, three  Pakistani nationals were killed, when the
 Afghan security forces launched a  series of counterinsurgents 
operations in the southern province of Nangarhar, an  official said 
Tuesday
Polish occupation force soldier  killed by mine in Afghanistan: 
Platoon
 leader Jan Kiepura, a Polish  soldier serving in Afghanistan, was 
killed on Monday when a land mine exploded  beneath the car he was in 
while on patrol near Ghazni, the capital of Ghanzi  province.
Taliban attacks show Afghan  insurgents' resilience: 
Taliban
 suicide bombers carried out a  brazen attack in the Afghan capital on 
Monday, the second in less than a week  and a sign that insurgents are 
determined to keep fighting despite recent  overtures of peace from the 
U.S. and Afghan government.
Istanbul warzone: Thousands of  protesters try to reclaim Taksim Square: 
Riot
 police have fired volleys of tear  gas as thousands of protesters are 
trying to reclaim Taksim after being forced  out in fierce clashes with 
law enforcement. Thick smoke blankets the  square.
Guardian journalist Glenn  Greenwald says 'dozens of stories' in the works : Video - 
You
 ain't seen nothing yet. That's the  message from the Glenn Greenwald, 
the journalist who exposed classified US  surveillance programs for 
Britain's Guardian newspaper, who has said much more  is to come
Leaker's Employer Is Paid to  Maintain Government Secrets: 
Edward
 J. Snowden's employer, Booz  Allen Hamilton, has become one of the 
largest and most profitable corporations  in the United States almost 
exclusively by serving a single client: the  government of the United 
States.
Guantánamo: A Betrayal of Our  Values, a Human Rights Crisis: 
In
 Guantánamo, 104 men are on hunger  strike to protest their indefinite 
detention. Forty-one are being force-fed  through tubes, and four have 
been hospitalized. and Expensive as Hell: ACLU  :
US activist on hunger strike to  close Guantanamo: 
Elliott
 Adams, a longtime activist and  well-known anti-war protestor is 26 
days into a hunger strike he hopes will help  shut down the United 
States' military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. And his  fast couldn't 
be more timely-or maybe people are just starting to  listen:
Coleen Rowley: Massive spying  on Americans is outrageous: Op-Ed: 
Secretive
 spying programs actually harm  national security. And arguably worse, 
they pose, as Snowden stated, "an  existential threat to democracy."
This is how the government  lies: 
The
 recent whistleblower revelations  have caught Obama administration's 
Director of National Intelligence in a  flat-out lie. But watch how 
James Clapper tries to weasel out of it. What we  would call a lie he 
calls it 'the least untruthful' answer.
Obama administration under  pressure as US senators demand end to secrecy:
Senator Ron Wyden suggests US  intelligence chief James Clapper may have misled him as international pressure  builds
NSA Whistleblower: The Ultimate  Insider Attack: 
Snowden
 said that "I, sitting at my  desk, certainly had the authorities to 
wiretap anyone, from you or your  accountant, to a federal judge, to 
even the President [of the United States] if  I had a personal email."
NSA Leak Highlights Key Role Of  Private Contractors: 
The
 U.S. government monitors threats to  national security with the help of
 nearly 500,000 people like Edward Snowden -  employees of private firms
 who have access to the government's most sensitive  secrets.
America's Outsourced Spy Force,  by the Numbers: 
The
 weekend's big revelations about the  NSA's biggest revealer prompt a 
natural question: How many Snowden-type spies  with top secret security 
clearance are there?
Ron Paul: 'Thankful' for Edward  Snowden: 
Former
 Rep. Ron Paul of Texas praised  NSA leaker Edward Snowden for his part 
in exposing how much information the  government has been collecting 
from private citizens.
Glenn Greenwald Gets 'Testy'  With 'Morning Joe's' Mika Brzezinski: Video - 
Brzezinski
 repeatedly challenged  Greenwald on whether the programs his reporting 
has detailed - including NSA  data-mining and phone surveillance 
programs - were really  "shocking."
Just Curious ... Why Is  Everyone Totally Okay With The Government Spying On 'Foreigners?': 
Americans
 seem to be fine about any  kind of U.S. government spying as long as 
it's focused on "foreigners." They  just go crazy when the same tactics 
are used on Americans.
Could Bradley Manning help  Edward Snowden win political asylum?: 
There
 are two things Snowden has to do,  legally speaking, to make a case for
 asylum once he's landed in the country he  wants to shelter him.
IRS buys spy equipment amid  spending scandal: 
The
 Internal Revenue Service (IRS),  already embroiled in a high-profile 
scandal over its operations, is looking to  acquire surveillance 
equipment that includes cameras concealed in plants, coffee  trays and 
clock radios.
Eurozone: three countries have  debt-to-income ratios of more than 300%: 
Ireland,
 Greece and Portugal are  labouring under debt-to-income ratios of more 
than 300%, according to figures  that expose the indebtedness of 
eurozone governments in relation to their  government revenues.
New York lays out $20 billion  plan to adapt to climate change: 
New
 York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on  Tuesday announced a $20 billion plan 
to prepare for rising sea levels and hotter  summers expected as a 
result of climate change in the coming  decades.
Citigroup Facing $7 Billion Hit  on Dollar Gain, Peabody Says: 
Citigroup
 Inc. (C) could lose as much  as $7 billion on currency swings if 
Charles Peabody is right, putting the  analyst at odds with peers who 
say the stock will be the best performer among  big U.S. banks in the 
year ahead.
Seniors in 48 states face  serious income shortage: 
Only
 seniors in Nevada and Hawaii have  median annual incomes that meet the 
savings benchmark commonly recommended by  financial planners. 
Typically, planners recommend that retirees save enough to  replace at 
least 70% of their pre-retirement income. 
Software News
Microsoft showpiece won't allow travellers to check in for flights
- 
IT education musings to G8 chiefs to mystify IT industry
- 
Microsoft-commissioned study finds IE sucks less power than rival browsers
- 
Bloated rc5 for kernel 3.10 makes Linux Lord grumpy with devs, hamsters
Science News
'Just give us another million dollars'
- 
Wang and pals test the cosmic waters for Chinese space station
- 
Vid No polarisation or microwaves needed, yet the cat and fish disappear
Posted: 11 Jun 2013 12:17 AM PDT
11 June 2013
 - On a massive scale, Geoengineering will likely result in democide if not stopped completely.
 - On a massive scale, Geoengineering will likely result in democide if not stopped completely.
Democide is the murder of any 
person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and 
mass murder. Democide does not include soldiers killed in battle. During
 the 20th Century (1900s) alone, it has been calculated that government 
power was used to murder approximately 262,000,000 people. It appears 
that history is repeating itself with improved technology.
Secondary purposes of Geoengineering include controlling the climate/weather for warfare and profits, and destroying the natural world while furthering the transhumanist/synthetic biology agenda.
The evidence indicates that Geoengineering is an essential element of the elite’s Endgame move to depopulate the planet. The pubic must be educated and the stratospheric spraying stopped immediately.
Secondary purposes of Geoengineering include controlling the climate/weather for warfare and profits, and destroying the natural world while furthering the transhumanist/synthetic biology agenda.
The evidence indicates that Geoengineering is an essential element of the elite’s Endgame move to depopulate the planet. The pubic must be educated and the stratospheric spraying stopped immediately.

The NSA Black Hole: 5 Basic Things We Still Don’t Know About the Agency’s Snooping
      
  
  
      
June 11, 2013
  |   
Last week saw revelations that
 the FBI and the National Security Agency have been collecting 
Americans’ phone records en masse and that the agencies have access to 
data from nine tech companies.
But secrecy around the programs has meant even basic questions are still unanswered. Here’s what we still don’t know:
But secrecy around the programs has meant even basic questions are still unanswered. Here’s what we still don’t know:
1. Has the NSA been collecting all Americans’ phone records, and for how long? 
It’s not entirely clear.
The Guardian published a court order that directed a Verizon subsidiary to turn over phone metadata -- the time and duration of calls, as well as phone numbers and location data -- to the NSA “on an ongoing daily basis” for a three-month period. Citing unnamed sources, the Wall Street Journal reported the program also covers AT&T and Sprint and that it covers the majority of Americans. And Director of National Intelligence James Clapper himself acknowledged that the “collection” is “broad in scope.”
2. How long has the dragnet has existed? At least seven years, and maybe going back to 2001.
Senate Intelligence Committee chair Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., and vice chair Saxby Chambliss, R-Ga., said last week that the NSA has been collecting the records going back to 2006. That’s the same year that USA Today revealed a similar-sounding mass collection of metadata, which the paper said had been taking place since 2001. The relationship between the program we got a glimpse of in the Verizon order and the one revealed by USA Today in 2006 is still not clear: USA Today described a program not authorized by warrants. The program detailed last week does have court approval.
3. What surveillance powers does the government believe it has under the Patriot Act?
That’s classified.
The Verizon court order relies on Section 215 of the Patriot Act. That provision allows the FBI to ask the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for a secret order requiring companies, like Verizon, to produce records – “any tangible things” – as part of a “foreign intelligence” or terrorism investigation. As with any law, exactly what the wording means is a matter for courts to decide. But the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court’s interpretation of Section 215 is secret.
  
As Harvard Law Professor Noah Feldman recently wrote, the details of that interpretation matter a lot: “Read narrowly, this language might require that information requested be shown to be important or necessary to the investigation. Read widely, it would include essentially anything even slightly relevant — which is to say, everything.”
In the case of the Verizon order -- signed by a judge who sits on the secret court and requiring the company to hand over “all call detail records" -- it appears that the court is allowing a broad interpretation of the Patriot Act. But we still don’t know the specifics.
4. Has the NSA’s massive collection of metadata thwarted any terrorist attacks?
It depends which senator you ask. And evidence that would help settle the matter is, yes, classified.
Sen. Mark Udall, D-Colo., told CNN on Sunday, “It's unclear to me that we've developed any intelligence through the metadata program that's led to the disruption of plots that we could [not] have developed through other data and other intelligence.”
He said he could not elaborate on his case “without further declassification.”
Sen. Feinstein told ABC that the collection of phone records described in the Verizon order had been “used” in the case of would-be New York subway bomber Najibullah Zazi. Later in the interview, Feinstein said she couldn’t disclose more because the information is classified. (It’s worth noting that there’s also evidence that old-fashioned police work helped solve the Zazi case — and that other reports suggest the Prism program, not the phone records, helped solve the case.)
How much information, and from whom, is the government sweeping up through Prism?
It’s not clear.
Intelligence director Clapper said in his declassified description that the government can’t get information using Prism unless there is an “appropriate, and documented, foreign intelligence purpose for the acquisition (such as for the prevention of terrorism, hostile cyber activities, or nuclear proliferation) and the foreign target is reasonably believed to be outside the United States.”
One thing we don’t know is how the government determines who is a “foreign target.” The Washington Post reported that NSA analysts use “search terms” to try to achieve “51 percent confidence” in a target’s “foreignness.” How do they do that? Unclear.
  
We’ve also never seen a court order related to Prism -- they are secret -- so we don’t know how broad they are. The Post reported that the court orders can be sweeping, and apply for up to a year. Though Google has maintained it has not "received blanket orders of the kind being discussed in the media."
5. So, how does Prism work?
In his statement Saturday, Clapper described Prism as a computer system that allows the government to collect “foreign intelligence information from electronic communication service providers under court supervision.”
That much seems clear. But the exact role of the tech companies is still murky.
Relying on a leaked PowerPoint presentation, the Washington Post originally described Prism as an FBI and NSA program to tap “directly into the central servers” of nine tech companies including Google and Facebook. Some of the companies denied giving the government “direct access” to their servers. In a later story, published Saturday, the newspaper cited unnamed intelligence sources saying that the description from the PowerPoint was technically inaccurate.
The Post quotes a classified NSA report saying that Prism allows “collection managers [to send] content tasking instructions directly to equipment installed at company-controlled locations,” not the company servers themselves. So what does any of that mean? We don't know.
For more on mass surveillance in America, read our timeline of loosening laws and practices.
It’s not entirely clear.
The Guardian published a court order that directed a Verizon subsidiary to turn over phone metadata -- the time and duration of calls, as well as phone numbers and location data -- to the NSA “on an ongoing daily basis” for a three-month period. Citing unnamed sources, the Wall Street Journal reported the program also covers AT&T and Sprint and that it covers the majority of Americans. And Director of National Intelligence James Clapper himself acknowledged that the “collection” is “broad in scope.”
2. How long has the dragnet has existed? At least seven years, and maybe going back to 2001.
Senate Intelligence Committee chair Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., and vice chair Saxby Chambliss, R-Ga., said last week that the NSA has been collecting the records going back to 2006. That’s the same year that USA Today revealed a similar-sounding mass collection of metadata, which the paper said had been taking place since 2001. The relationship between the program we got a glimpse of in the Verizon order and the one revealed by USA Today in 2006 is still not clear: USA Today described a program not authorized by warrants. The program detailed last week does have court approval.
3. What surveillance powers does the government believe it has under the Patriot Act?
That’s classified.
The Verizon court order relies on Section 215 of the Patriot Act. That provision allows the FBI to ask the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for a secret order requiring companies, like Verizon, to produce records – “any tangible things” – as part of a “foreign intelligence” or terrorism investigation. As with any law, exactly what the wording means is a matter for courts to decide. But the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court’s interpretation of Section 215 is secret.
As Harvard Law Professor Noah Feldman recently wrote, the details of that interpretation matter a lot: “Read narrowly, this language might require that information requested be shown to be important or necessary to the investigation. Read widely, it would include essentially anything even slightly relevant — which is to say, everything.”
In the case of the Verizon order -- signed by a judge who sits on the secret court and requiring the company to hand over “all call detail records" -- it appears that the court is allowing a broad interpretation of the Patriot Act. But we still don’t know the specifics.
4. Has the NSA’s massive collection of metadata thwarted any terrorist attacks?
It depends which senator you ask. And evidence that would help settle the matter is, yes, classified.
Sen. Mark Udall, D-Colo., told CNN on Sunday, “It's unclear to me that we've developed any intelligence through the metadata program that's led to the disruption of plots that we could [not] have developed through other data and other intelligence.”
He said he could not elaborate on his case “without further declassification.”
Sen. Feinstein told ABC that the collection of phone records described in the Verizon order had been “used” in the case of would-be New York subway bomber Najibullah Zazi. Later in the interview, Feinstein said she couldn’t disclose more because the information is classified. (It’s worth noting that there’s also evidence that old-fashioned police work helped solve the Zazi case — and that other reports suggest the Prism program, not the phone records, helped solve the case.)
How much information, and from whom, is the government sweeping up through Prism?
It’s not clear.
Intelligence director Clapper said in his declassified description that the government can’t get information using Prism unless there is an “appropriate, and documented, foreign intelligence purpose for the acquisition (such as for the prevention of terrorism, hostile cyber activities, or nuclear proliferation) and the foreign target is reasonably believed to be outside the United States.”
One thing we don’t know is how the government determines who is a “foreign target.” The Washington Post reported that NSA analysts use “search terms” to try to achieve “51 percent confidence” in a target’s “foreignness.” How do they do that? Unclear.
We’ve also never seen a court order related to Prism -- they are secret -- so we don’t know how broad they are. The Post reported that the court orders can be sweeping, and apply for up to a year. Though Google has maintained it has not "received blanket orders of the kind being discussed in the media."
5. So, how does Prism work?
In his statement Saturday, Clapper described Prism as a computer system that allows the government to collect “foreign intelligence information from electronic communication service providers under court supervision.”
That much seems clear. But the exact role of the tech companies is still murky.
Relying on a leaked PowerPoint presentation, the Washington Post originally described Prism as an FBI and NSA program to tap “directly into the central servers” of nine tech companies including Google and Facebook. Some of the companies denied giving the government “direct access” to their servers. In a later story, published Saturday, the newspaper cited unnamed intelligence sources saying that the description from the PowerPoint was technically inaccurate.
The Post quotes a classified NSA report saying that Prism allows “collection managers [to send] content tasking instructions directly to equipment installed at company-controlled locations,” not the company servers themselves. So what does any of that mean? We don't know.
For more on mass surveillance in America, read our timeline of loosening laws and practices.
Media Advisory
Informing public of government spying 'self-indulgent' and 'grandiose'
6/11/13
 Journalism
  attracts whistleblowers. In fact, some reporters need whistleblowers 
in  order to do their jobs.  But there are plenty of people working in 
the  media who don't have much use for whistleblowers--and they've been 
 having a field day going after NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden.
Journalism
  attracts whistleblowers. In fact, some reporters need whistleblowers 
in  order to do their jobs.  But there are plenty of people working in 
the  media who don't have much use for whistleblowers--and they've been 
 having a field day going after NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden.
Washington Post columnist Matt Miller (6/11/13)
  explained that "what Snowden exposed was not some rogue  
government-inside-the-government conspiracy. It's a program that’s  
legal, reviewed by Congress and subject to court oversight."
Or to put it another way, it's a program that's secret, that the nation's top spy lies to Congress about, and the Supreme Court refuses to review--because, being secret, no one can prove they're affected by it.
Miller went on:
Daniel
  Ellsberg says Snowden is a "hero."  Let me suggest a different prism  
through which to view that term. Somewhere in the intelligence community
  is another 29-year-old computer whiz whose name we'll never know. That
  person joined the government after 9/11 because they felt inspired to 
 serve the nation in its hour of need. For years they’ve sweated to  
perfect programs that can sort through epic reams of data to identify  
potential threats. Some Americans are alive today because of her work.
As
  one security analyst put it this week, to find a needle in a haystack,
  you need the haystack. If we're going to romanticize a young nerd in 
the  intelligence world, my Unknown Coder trumps the celebrity waiting 
in  Hong Kong for Diane Sawyer’s call any day.
It's
  hard to imagine seeing Snowden sitting down with Sawyer anytime soon, 
 but Miller's certainly not alone in speculating about Snowden's motives
  or psyche.
New York Times columnist David Brooks (6/11/13)
  writes that Snowden "could not successfully work his way through the  
institution of high school. Then he failed to navigate his way through  
community college." And he "has not been a regular presence around his  
mother's house for years." But it's bigger than that; like Miller,  
Brooks sees a real threat from people who don't respect authority:
For
  society to function well, there have to be basic levels of trust and  
cooperation, a respect for institutions and deference to common  
procedures. By deciding to unilaterally leak secret NSA documents,  
Snowden has betrayed all of these things.
He elaborated: 
He
  betrayed the cause of open government. Every time there is a leak like
  this, the powers that be close the circle of trust a little tighter.  
They limit debate a little more.
He
  betrayed the privacy of us all. If federal security agencies can’t do 
 vast data sweeps, they will inevitably revert to the older, more  
intrusive eavesdropping methods.
He
  betrayed the Constitution. The founders did not create the United  
States so that some solitary 29-year-old could make unilateral decisions
  about what should be exposed. Snowden self-indulgently short-circuited
  the democratic structures of accountability, putting his own 
preferences  above everything else.
By
  that logic, it's hard to see how anyone could possibly ever divulge  
anything that the government claims to be secret--which might suit  
Brooks just fine.
In the Washington Post (6/11/13),
  Richard Cohen managed to insult both Snowden and columnist Glenn  
Greenwald, referring to "a remarkably overwrought interview conducted by
  the vainglorious Glenn Greenwald of the Guardian."
  In response to Greenwald writing that Snowden wears a red hood when he
  types passwords into his computer, Cohen inventively sneers that 
Snowden  will "go down as a cross-dressing Little Red Riding Hood."
Cohen doesn't understand the fuss anyway, since private companies like Google have all sorts of intelligence on him. He concludes:
Everything
  about Edward Snowden is ridiculously cinematic. He is not paranoiac; 
he  is merely narcissistic. He jettisoned a girlfriend, a career and,  
undoubtedly, his personal freedom to expose programs that were known to 
 our elected officials and could have been deduced by anyone who has 
ever  googled anything. History will not record him as "one of America's
 most  consequential whistleblowers." History is more likely to forget 
him.  Soon, you can google that.
And the New Yorker's Jeffrey Toobin  (6/10/13) wrote that Snowden is "a grandiose narcissist who deserves to be in prison," and that
any
  marginally attentive citizen, much less NSA employee or contractor,  
knows that the entire mission of the agency is to intercept electronic  
communications.
If
  you know that an agency intercepts communications, why wouldn't you  
assume that it intercepts every communication, Toobin seems to be  
arguing.
Appearing on CNN (6/10/13)
  , Toobin explained that there's a proper way to blow the whistle, and 
 this sure isn't it: "There are channels for whistleblowers inside  
agencies, through Congress, through the courts, not through Glenn  
Greenwald of the Guardian. That's not what you're supposed to do."
What's the right way to inform the public, then? Toobin says:
Well,
  the public has a right to know, but the way to bring it to public  
attention is not to commit crimes. And, yes, it is possible he wouldn't 
 get as much attention if he simply went to the senators, like Jeff  
Merkley, like Senator Udall, who cared deeply about this issue and are  
doing it the right way. Instead, he just threw this stuff out to  
newspaper reporters at the Washington Post and the Guardian, who were more responsible than he was, who actually didn't publish everything they get.
Sure--go to a couple of senators who have long warned
  that they aren't allowed to say what they know about government  
surveillance programs, and tell them that you want to share top secret  
NSA documents about those programs. That would have worked--if Snowden's
  goal was to be arrested immediately.
There were others, like Time's Joe Klein, who didn't go after Snowden like this--he merely argued (6/10/13) that this was all old news: "First of all, we pretty much knew everything that has 'broken' in the past week."
And in the Washington Post, Walter Pincus (6/11/13) sounded the same notes. He ran through the history: USA Today  reported a very similar NSA story in 2006 (5/11/06),
 the Bush administration  responded, public opinion polls seemed to 
support government policies.  In 2008, Congress passed amendments to the
 Foreign Intelligence  Surveillance Act, and last year there were solid 
reports by veteran  reporter James Bamford (Wired, 3/15/12) about the massive NSA storage facility being  built in Utah. So, Pincus writes:
Was
  there any follow-up in the mainstream media to Bamford's disclosure, 
or  anything close to the concerns voiced on Capitol Hill this past 
week?  No.
That’s because the American public at large is more accepting of the government’s involvement in their lives — along with Facebook, Google, Amazon, Apple--than
  is Edward Snowden, the 29-year-old who leaked the highly classified 
NSA  documents. He appears to believe the public is unaware, and, as he 
told  the Guardian, knowing "what's happening, you [meaning the public] should decide whether we should be doing this."
So
  if media don't pursue a given story, it's because the public has  
decided it's not interested, or tacitly approves of a government policy 
 of indeterminate scope? It's a surprising revelation that this is how  
the media decide what stories to report.
As Gawker's Hamilton Nolan writes (6/11/13),
  journalists "have to acknowledge that Edward Snowden did something  
quite admirable." He notes, "Without Snowden's act, the public's  
knowledge of what is being done to them in their own name would be much poorer."
 That's true, unless you think the public either already knows all of this--or that they shouldn't.

 
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